Overview

Crohn's disease is characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. It usually affects the lower end of the small intestine and the start of the large intestine. It can also occur anywhere in the digestive system from the mouth to the rectum (anus). It is an inflammatory disorder often affecting deeper bowel layers and potentially causing life-threatening complications. 

Crohn's disease is classified into five types based on where it occurs in the digestive system. They are as follows:

Gastroduodenal: affects the stomach and the duodenum the first part of the small intestine. 

Jejunoileitis: This condition affects the second portion of your intestine known as the jejunum.

Ileitis: This type affects the ileum the final section of the small intestine.

Ileocolitis: This condition affects the ileum and colon. Crohn's colitis is a type of colitis that only affects the colon.

Furthermore, Crohn's disease can manifest as a perianal disease which includes fistulas (abnormal tissue connections) deep tissue infections, and sores and ulcers on the outer skin around the anus.

Causes

The following factors may have an impact on your chances of developing it: Stress is one of the main contributors to Crohn's disease Inheriting specific genes smoking using medications such as oral contraceptives antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Symptoms

The symptoms vary depending on which part of the digestive tract is involved. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and come and go with flare-ups. The following are the most common Crohn's disease symptoms: 

• Crampy pain in the abdomen (belly area)

• Fever

• Fatigue

• Appetite loss and weight loss 

• Feeling the need to pass stools even though your bowels are already empty. It could cause straining pain and cramping. 

• Watery possibly bloody diarrhoea.

• Constipation 

• Eye irritation or swelling 

• Pus mucus or stools draining from around the rectum or anus (caused by a fistula) 

• Joint swelling and pain 

• Ulcers of the mouth 

• Bloody stools and rectal bleeding 

• Gum swelling 

• Tender red bumps (nodules) under the skin that may be painful.

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