Overview

Hashimoto's disease, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease that damages the thyroid gland. An autoimmune disorder is an illness caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissues. In Hashimoto's disease, immune-system cells lead to the death of the thyroid's hormone-producing cells. The disease usually results in a decline in hormone production. 

Although anyone can develop Hashimoto's disease, it's most common among middle-aged women. It's the most typical reason for hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid. The primary treatment is thyroid hormone replacement. Hypothyroidism can lead to issues conceiving as well as during pregnancy if left untreated. Fatigue, weight gain, depression, and joint pain are signs of hypothyroidism.

Causes

One common thyroid gland condition is Hashimoto's disease. Although it can happen to anyone at any age, middle-aged women are the ones who experience it most frequently. It is brought on by the immune system's attack on the thyroid gland. The illness starts slowly. It could take months or even years for the condition to be detected and thyroid hormone levels to fall below normal. Those with a family history of thyroid conditions are more likely to have it In rare cases of hormonal issues caused by the immune system. Both type 1 diabetes and inadequate adrenal function may cause it known as Type 2 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA II). Type 1 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I) is where there is adrenal gland dysfunction and fungal infections in the mouth and nails. Other causes include

• Parathyroid gland under activity

• Excessive exposure to radiation 

• Exposure to chemical agents 

• Hormonal changes 

• Viral infections

Symptoms

• Fatigue and lethargy  

• Enhanced sensitivity to cold 

• An increase in drowsiness 

• Skin is dry 

• Constipation 

• Muscle weakness 

• Muscle aches tenderness stiffness 

• Joint discomfort and stiffness. 

• Inconsistent or excessive menstrual bleeding 

• Depression 

• Problems with memory or concentration 

• Goitre (thyroid swelling) 

• A puffy face 

• Fragile nails. 

• Hair loss 

• Increased tongue size

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